Авианесущие крейсеры проекта 1143

Авианесущие крейсеры проекта 1143 0Авианесущие крейсеры проекта 1143 1Авианесущие крейсеры проекта 1143 2

Основная информация

Класс:
Страна постройки:
Планировалось:
4
Построено:
4
Сохранилось:
2
На службе:
1975 – настоящее время (49 лет)

Главные размерения

Водоизмещение:
45 000 т
Длина:
273 м
Ширина:
53 м

Машина

Силовая установка:
  • 8 * turbopressurized boilers
  • 4 * steam turbines (200,000 shp (150,000 kW))
  • 4 * shafts
Скорость:
32 уз
Дальность плавания:
13,500 nmi (25,000 km; 15,500 mi) at 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph)

Персонал

Экипаж:
1 200

Боевые силы и средства

Вооружение:
  • See article for variations
  • 80 to 200 surface-to-air missiles
  • 2 dual-purpose guns
  • 8 close-in weapons systems
  • 10 torpedo tubes
Авиация:
  • Up to 30, including:
  • 12 * Yak-38 aircraft
  • 16 * helicopters

The Kiev class, Soviet designation Project 1143, was the first class of fixed-wing aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruiser in Soviet classification) built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy.

Laid down in 1970, the first ship of the class, Kiev, was partially based on a design for a full-deck carrier proposed in Project Orel. Originally the Soviet Navy wanted a supercarrier similar to the American Kitty Hawk-class. However, the smaller Kiev-class design was chosen because it was considered to be more cost effective.

Unlike most NATO aircraft carriers, such as U.S. or most British ones, the Kiev class is a combination of both a cruiser and an aircraft carrier. In the Soviet Navy, this class of ships was specifically designated as a «heavy aviation cruiser» (Russian: Тяжелые авианесущие крейсера) rather than solely an aircraft carrier. This designation allowed the ships to transit the Turkish Straits, while the Montreux Convention prohibited aircraft carriers heavier than 15,000 tons from passing through the Straits.

The ships were designed with a large island superstructure to starboard, with an angled flight deck 2/3rds of the length of the total deck, and the foredeck was taken up with heavy surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missile armament. The intended mission of the Kiev class was support for strategic missile submarines, other surface ships and naval aviation; it was capable of engaging in anti-aircraft, anti-submarine, and surface warfare.

A total of four Kiev-class carriers were built and commissioned, serving in the Soviet and then Russian Navy. The first two ships were sold to China as museums, and the third ship was scrapped. The fourth ship, Admiral Gorshkov, was sold to the Indian Navy in 2004, and after years of extensive modifications and refurbishment, is currently in active service as INS Vikramaditya.

Корабли4

Нет комментариев